Note: It is important to set CMYK or RGB mode here. CMYK for artwork to be included in a document for Offset or Digital Printing.
RGB is used for documents to be viewed on a Screen. Eg. The Web.
When you open Illustrator you get the welcome splash screen which gives you options when the program first starts
Choose Window > Navigator from the main menu to bring up the Navigator. Use the slider to zoom in and out. Use the red Square to choose a viewing area.
You can also use the Zoom Tool from the Tool Box. Hold the left mouse button down and drag around the area you want to Zoom in to.